By Dr. Firdous Ahmad Malik and Mr. Owais Ismaeil
Methodological individualism and holism are two primary approaches that dominate the academic and policy debate concerning wars, diplomacy, and societal change. Each of these approaches brings its own interpretation of the social life of humans and the systems in which they exist.

By Jyot Shikhar Singh
China’s expanding economic engagement in Africa has become one of the most significant global political and economic developments, sparking optimism and concern among scholars and policymakers…

By Dr. Hebatallah Adam
The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), initiated in January 2021, signifies a key achievement in Africa’s economic advancement. The AfCFTA constitutes the largest free trade area globally, encompassing 1.3 billion individuals and a collective GDP over $3 trillion, based on the number of member nations (African Union, 2020).